![]() ![]() In the presence of motivation to achieve certain goal, the subject evaluates whether it is achievable and then develops multiple ways to reach it (pathways). ![]() Thus, hope is a cognitive process with a motivational component (agency). The objective is the outcome that the subject seeks to achieve through the pathways when there is enough motivation (agency) to achieve it (Snyder, 2000). There are three components to hope: objective, pathways and agency. (1991) as the sense of success resulting from the interaction between pathways and agency. The aim of this paper is to compare the correlations between positive psychology variables (hope, optimism, self-esteem, life satisfaction and affects) and personality in a sample of Americans and Brazilians. To measure them together and in samples from different countries may help to understand better how they interact and how cultural and personality affect them. Although there have been many studies involving hope, optimism, self-esteem and subjective well-being, few measure all these variables simultaneously in cross-cultural studies. This is a new area within psychology and appeared at the end of the last century. Positive psychology is the scientific study of positive experiences and positive individual traits, and the Institutions that facilitate their development (Duckworth, Steen, & Seligman, 2005). Keywords:Positive Psychology, Personality, Cultural Differences One possible explanations for these results are cultural differences and social conditions. Brazilians showed higher scores in optimism and negative affect. ![]() The results showed that Americans had higher scores in hope, positive affect and life satisfaction. Differences in correlations among the positive psychology variables were also found between Brazilians and Americans. The results showed differences between the two samples regarding the correlations between personality and positive psychology variables. They answered the following instruments: Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, Life Orientation Test Revised, The Life Satisfaction with Life Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, The Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale, NEO-PI-R and Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade. The participants were 179 Americans aged 18 to 61 years and 499 Brazilians aged 17 to 53 years. The variables were hope, optimism, life satisfaction, affects, self-esteem, and personality. The main objective of this paper was to conduct a cross-cultural study comparing a pool of positive variables in an American and Brazilian sample. Received 20 February 2014 revised 22 March 2014 accepted 23 April 2014 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). 1Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, BrazilģUniversity of San Francisco, São Paulo, BrazilĮmail: © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. ![]()
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